Evaluation of Beck Depression Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment of Beck Depression Inventory - Essay Example The unwavering quality and legitimacy of the test was demonstrated to be solid with dependability coefficients extending from .77 to .89 in various examinations and a solid connection with scores of other regular instrument. The device was likewise demonstrated to be important over a few settings from clinical, through guiding to explore purposes lastly, the quality and shortcoming of the instrument were thought of. The Beck Depression Inventory is a mental test that is generally recognize and acknowledged. The test was first made by Beck and his partners during the 1960s; be that as it may, from that point forward the unwavering quality and legitimacy of the instrument have been analyzed in a few dialects among a few populaces and the general productivity of the test as an instrument for estimating psychological qualities has been broadly settled. The Beck Depression Inventory comes in survey structure that takes into account self assessment dependent on a point grade arrangement of the inquiries contained in the poll. Arnault, Saint, Shinji Sakamoto, Aiko Moriwaki (2006) reports that an examination has been completed with a Japanese populace that approved the utilization of the instrument, Chellappa and Arajo 2006 likewise detailed an approval of a Portuguese adaptation of the test among a Brazilian example, while Carano et al. (2006) likewise revealed a stock taking and assessment of the Psychometric properties of the test following a quarter century did by Beck et al (1988) Clearly, Beck Depression Inventory has experienced genuine and a few trial of legitimacy, dependability and productivity, and much of the time, the estimation of the instrument in estimating burdensome side effects have been solidly settled. Reason, Design and Format of Beck Depression Inventory In the commonest cases, and maybe, as the name of the instrument proposes; Beck Depression Inventory is an instrument that is utilized for taking 'stock' of the burdensome propensities as well as burdensome manifestations in an example populace. It is now and then utilized related to other mental tests to assess different types of subjective qualities, for example, Zywiak et al (2006) utilized BDI as an instrument to foresee negative influence backslides in men experiencing formal treatment for liquor addiction. Be that as it may, by and large, Beck Depression Inventory is planned for estimating the seriousness of sadness in a populace. The inquiries of the instrument are so planned as to assess the patients' self report of exercises, states of mind and practices for indications of despondency side effects and the seriousness of the side effects, if present. In such manner, the instrument contains twenty one things that centers significantly around the intellectual side effects of misery. Every things in the instrument is appraised on a four-point Likert-type scale with scores going from 0 - 3. The aggregate of the purposes of the considerable number of things in the instrument demonstrates the BDI score of the customer, which is additionally a sign of the nearness or something else, and the seriousness of despondency in the customer. The complete conceivable score of the instrument is 84. A BDI score of somewhere in the range of 0 and 9 is viewed as absence of, or negligible sorrow, complete BDI scores of 10 - 18 means that gentle melancholy, while an all out BDI score of 19 - 29 means that moderate gloom, any score over 29 is an indicati

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Essay Example

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Paper Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an incredible figure in nineteenth century America. He is viewed as one of the most powerful scholars of this time. There are numerous explanations behind the ubiquity and noteworthiness of Longfellows verse. The most obvious is the way wherein he utilizes the endowment of easy rhyme. He composes verse with a characteristic beauty, read or heard once, his rhyme and meters stick to the psyche long after the underlying sense might be overlooked. No other American artist has so infiltrated the general cognizance of the whole English talking world as is clear through the way that he utilizes basic subjects which advance to a wide range of individuals. To initially comprehend the one of a kind virtuoso of Longfellow and the manner in which he made his compositions one must find out a little about his life. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was conceived in Portland Maine; he grew up of unobtrusive methods and was presented to the states of regular daily existence. His first significant accomplishment in quite a while litaray vocation was his accepentce to Bowidian College at 14 years old; he remained there for a couple of years and graduated in 1825. We will compose a custom exposition test on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer After his graduation he went to facilitate his examination in Europe and afterward returned to America and acknowledged a situation at Bowidian College educating as an educator of present day language. Subsequent to instructing for a long time he by and by came back to Europe to read and remained for a year yet once he returned he acknowledged a situation at Harvard University and educated there for a long time. Numerous individuals who have been aquatints with Longfellow concur that he was â€Å"such a pure blood noble man, in his regular day to day existence that even the most bashful were calm in his company† (Moulton 386). While Longfellow was at school he turned out to be old buddies with a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne. Longfellow was a man of his word in his public activity as well as was a given spouse to his two wives, both which finished in disaster because of their less than ideal passings. Longfellow grew up as your normal offspring of the mid nineteenth century with nature encompassing him. He saw the things that occurred in regular day to day existence individuals working and the changing of the seasons. His childhood was spent generally in his local town, which he never stopped to cherish, and whose delightful environmental factors curious and unadulterated, discovered its way into a portion of the principle topic of his sonnets. Despite the fact that they changed a little they had a similar suggestion one of effortlessness that any person that got his works could interface with and get them. A large number of his sonnets were gotten from nature some of them comprised of â€Å"The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls†, â€Å"A Gleam of Sunshine† and â€Å"Autumn†. The following significant impact in his sonnets was the combination of American history, including Indians, the ride of Paul Revere and the life of slaves. The last choice was that of regular day to day existence the exercises, such as â€Å"Something Left Undone† and â€Å"The Reaper and the Flowers†. The plan to join regular topics, of nature, American history and regular daily existence was a first and really spoke to the perusers. The subjects of Longfellow’s verse are, generally, parts of nature as affecting human inclination, either legitimately or through recorded affiliation, the delicate or terrible sides and occurrences of life, or brave deeds protected in legend or history. He had an uncommon affection for records of human commitment and altruism, regardless of whether they were monkish legends, Indian stories or bits of American History. The purpose behind his decision of such recognizable subjects was to arrive at the overall population and associate with them. The entirety of the subjects which he picked were straightforward and were regular events in people’s lives as of now. The selection of themes, for example, waves in the sea, a man working and the life of a slave were subjects that the individuals identified with and up until this time most writers expounded on European thoughts, things that had no connection transport with the individuals who lived in America. He realized the subjects of Native Americans and their lifestyle, in the numerous sonnets of â€Å"Hiawatha†. The idea of these sonnets was to take the peruser once again into early America and give them what the life of an Indian resembled, this caught the peruser â€Å"With the Song of Hiawatha Mr. Longfellow has ended the quiet constrained us to listen by and by reestablished the legends by giving them zest† (Harris 447). At the point when Longfellow utilized the subjects of Nature in his sonnets, he associated with the peruser and clutched him. He discussed the waves slamming on a sea shore and the sun radiating through the sky in the sonnet â€Å"Milton†, when he composed of these themes he realized that the individuals would interface for various reasons, the most apparent are the ordinariness of the sonnets and the way that numerous individuals on the planet have just observed these occasions occur, consecutively the perusers can relate. Perusers reaction to his better approach for composing were astounding and it made him one of the most progressive artists of his time, some considered him the dad of current verse. By composing sonnets that calmed and energized perusers, Longfellow turned into the principal American to arrive at such a wide range and make an enthusiasm for verse. Numerous individuals concur that â€Å"The same delicate soul which portrayed his works showed itself additionally in the habits of man† (Moulton 384). Longfellow on numerous records can be credited with the development of verse through shared trait. The focal thing that set Longfellow apart with his sonnets was that they â€Å"appeal to the feelings, and falls inside the understanding of each reader† (Harris 479). The effect from his first sonnet assortment â€Å"Voices of the Night†, accomplished him practically prompt notoriety among American and soon the entire English talking world. With sonnets like â€Å"A Psalm of Life† and â€Å"The Light of Stars† he associated with the peruser and they couldn't hang tight for additional. â€Å"So when tempests of wild feeling/Strike the ocean† (Longfellow 1). The distinctive picture that this sentence encapsulates shows the way of which Longfellow would compose his sonnets. He needed the peruser to see and feel the sonnets not simply sit and tune in. All through his sonnets Longfellow’s utilization of symbolism is consistently obvious climate discussing the Native Americans or depicting nature. â€Å"The verse or Mr. Longfellow is set apart by a distinctive creative mind, incredible defenselessness to the impressions of regular scenery†¦. furthermore, the sentiments of the human heart† (Harris 471). This utilization of symbolism permits him to associate with the peruser and show him the world. The setting for his sonnets were straightforward, they were of a typical spot like a work place a house or a timberland. This thought for a typical spot to set his verse was with the goal that every one of his perusers could identify with the sonnets. Despite the fact that his decision of setting was not indulgent his sonnets despite everything spellbound the world through his distinctive depiction. In the sonnet â€Å"Milton† Longfellow depicts the area of him strolling on the sea shore â€Å"I pace the sounding ocean sea shore and view/How the voluminous surges roll and run/Upheaving and dying down, while the sun/Shines through their sheeted emerald far unrolled† (Longfellow 1). With this portrayal a large portion of the individuals had the option to relate and therefore, his sonnets became begun a sensation. The subjects in his sonnets have a profound association with the story; through this the peruser feels a connection to the story. His method of composing causes it to feel as though the story is occurring directly before your eyes. â€Å"In his cabin next to a waterway,/Close alongside a solidified stream,/Sat an elderly person, tragic and forlorn. /White his hair was as a snow-float;/Dull and low his fire was consuming,/And the elderly person shook and trembled† (Longfellow 1). Through way Longfellow portrays a scene makes it life like and thusly catches the peruser. Longfellow utilizes many key scholarly components in his sonnets to bring out the reader’s reaction it is said that â€Å"He had a skill for communicating ordinary considerations very memorably† (Derbyshire 3). The most clear device that he utilized was his characteristic, magnificent endowment of rhyme; his sonnets streamed effortlessly and established a long term connection with the peruser. One of his most well known sonnets to utilize this blessing was â€Å"The Song and the Arrow† â€Å"Long, long a short time later, in an oak/I found the bolt, still unbroke;/And the tune, from start to finish,/I discovered again in the core of a friend† (Longfellow 1). This utilization of rhyme so basically spellbinds the peruser and makes him read on. The second most apparent actualize that Longfellow utilizes is meter. Longfellow was well known for utilizing meters that had never, or scarcely ever, been utilized in English verse previously. In the prologue to The Song of Hiawatha is one of his most well known models, utilizing the equivalent metre,Should you ask me,/whence these accounts (Longfellow 1) for some lines, and all going to demonstrate that there is a purpose behind this to catch a crowd of people through another method of composing. Through Longfellow’s one of a kind way to deal with composing that caught the entire English talking world, it is said that he is one of the most compelling essayists of the nineteenth century. He was the first to utilize local points about our legacy and things that individuals of the time can identify with. Not exclusively did his works enamor the re

A Hack and Advice

A Hack and Advice My dorm, Burton-Conner, has a great view of the both domes from just outside the front entrance. This was highly convenient this morning because when I walked out of my dorm to head to Physics I noticed something strange. What are those pokey things on the small dome? I hastened my way towards physics and while passing the student center I realized what they were. Birthday candles! Last night hackers snuck onto the small dome and installed giant birthday candles. Happy Birthday J. Arthur Random! Kudos hackers, well done. Now, for the advice. The summer before I came to MIT I spent working full time and trying to get ready for life on the east coast. This meant learning about weather, types of stores that would be there, and what I needed to take to my dorm. I was discussing this with Sara 11, MA born and raised, and quickly began to realize that Boston has a bunch of random little quirks about it that nobody but a resident would ever know. Thats cool, Boston people are unique and have special traditions, but its not so fun for the tourist and the non-native because all it takes is mispronouncing Worcester once and youre instantly red-flagged. Anywho, Sara was explaining some stuff to me and she mentioned a couple of songs. I believe her words were: If youre going to live in Boston you need to listen to Tessie and Im Shipping Up to Boston. A lot. Id never heard of these two songs, so I downloaded them and proceeded to listen to them. A lot. Im glad I did, because its one of the few Bostonian things that actually feel like I know about over a lot of my classmates. Granted, by now weve all listened to Dropkick Murphys (the band that plays the two songs) but at the beginning of the year I felt special. So, prefrosh, or anybody who ever plans on coming to Boston, heres my advice. Listen to the Dropkick Murphyss Tessie and Im Shipping up to Boston. A lot. Ive included some YouTube videos in case youre too lazy to go download these songs. Im Shipping Up To Boston Tessie Actually, the other day I was heading off to class and as I was leaving the dorm I realized that I was being very Boston. Dressed for cold, I was listening to Tessie on my iPod and drinking a World Series edition of a coke. Thats all, have a nice day. [Post updated to include information about the hack, thanks for tips in the comments]

Social Media Has A Heavy Influence On An Individuals Self...

Often times it happens that we, as a curious people, become so engrossed in a synthetic reality that it eventually takes over and becomes a part of our existential being. This paper will address how this virtual reality in the form of social media has a heavy influence on an individual’s self-esteem. Merriam-Webster denotes this (‘self-esteem’) as a â€Å"feeling of having respect for yourself and your abilities† (Onomatopoeia, n.d.). Having both positive and negative effects, we will see how social media usage is portrayed on a global scale, as well as on an individual level. The methods I’ll be using are identifying key features from journals and non-scientific websites to understand how exactly this issue persists in a society where self-identification is heavily bolstered. Having said that, I, myself am a huge social media devotee. A large portion of my daily life has become sustained by the use of social media, so I will be able to provide a pe rsonal point of view to how it becomes influential on our self-esteem. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish a correlation between social media usage and levels of self-esteem. It is my belief that those who have a higher usage of social media have a lower level of self-esteem, while those who have a lower usage of social media may have a higher level of self-esteem. There are many benefits to using social media, although many are not aware that there are also many drawbacks. This paper will prove to be very beneficial as itShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Social Networking1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first email was delivered, social media has taken the world by a storm with millions of demographic groups choosing to connect through social networking platforms that facilitate a multifaceted level of online communication. As of May 2011, Facebook was named the number one social networking site with over one billion users and 864 million daily active users (Satici Uysal, 20 15, p.185). The surging popularity of Facebook, which was designed to foster social interaction, is unprecedented. ConverselyRead MoreIts Only Natural Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesbe completely understood by the laws intrinsic in the innate environment. Psychologists influence one another and trigger theories for additional experimentation. Some psychologists do not care about other’s theories while some battle other’s theories. Not many scientists believe the behaviorist theory is as encompassing as it once was thought to be. One cannot completely dismiss the outcome the environment has on behavior neither the function it plays in developing personality as made known throughRead MoreMedias Destructive Influence on Women Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pageswoman’s self confidence and also are affecting their overall health. Today’s mass media messages are having a negative effect on how women perceive themselves. I would like to propose a project which inv olves analyzing several women, of many different age groups, across their lifespan while testing how much the media affects their lives. In the paragraphs below, I am going to summarize three research articles concerning this topic. The first article is titled: The Effects of the Media on BodyRead MoreEvaluation Of A Public Health Campaign1658 Words   |  7 Pagesthat over $200 billion has been spent on medical costs attributed to obesity. Obesity will be the main contributor for why this generation of youth will live shorter lives than their parents if we keep going at the rate we are now. This public health campaign was established in 2014 as an overdue endeavor to actively inform and change America’s perception of obesity and to incite change on public policy at a national level. The campaign also seeks to improve the public’s self-efficacy towards changeRead MoreMedia s Impact On Media Consumption Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of resources on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week (XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile devices, creating a â⠂¬Ëœbedroom culture’ (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online platforms, which have become an integral part of our daily lives. SNSRead MoreSociocultural Standards of Beauty1905 Words   |  8 Pagespopular forms of media, but not necessarily in a realistic or attainable way. Unfortunately, these images and ideas blur the line between fictionalized standards and what’s actually realistic, displaying the inherent message that in order for someone to be considered attractive they must be unhealthy. Furthermore, because the media has such a strong power to influence people, these unrealistic expectations can lead to low self-esteem, dieting, eating disorders, plastic surgery, etc. The media and societyRead MoreEssay on Causes of Depression in the Millennial Generation1523 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Depression in the Millennial Generation Depression has possibly at one time affected or currently affects almost every living individual worldwide. Kids, teens, and young adults in the twentieth century were always identified as more susceptible to feeling depressed, typically due to nothing more than normal changes of physical and mental maturity. However, in her book Generation Me, Jean M. Twenge addresses that â€Å"being young has not always carried such a high risk of being anxious, depressedRead MoreEssay about Good Health: Is It Simply About Eating the Right Things?1629 Words   |  7 Pagescomplete physical health is often interpreted as taking in a good source of nutrient DRI, 5-a-day and regular exercising but this is far from it as other factors can contribute to it. Some of these are psychological and biological factors, societal influence, lifestyle, race, gender etc. Nutrition is about eating the right things, in this context would be defined as the total processed intake of constituents by which growth, repair and preservation of the body to stay alive. The Government’s campaignRead MoreWomen and Body Image3391 Words   |  14 Pagesmillion women in the United States suffer from eating disorders- either self-induced semi-starvation (anorexia nervosa) or a cycle of bingeing and purging with laxatives, self-induced vomiting, or excessive exercise (bulimia nervosa) (Dunn, 1992). Many eating disorder specialists agree that chronic dieting is a direct consequence of the social pressure on American females to achieve a nearly impossible thinness. The media has been denounced for upholding and perhaps even creating the emaciated standardRead MoreCulinary Taste Is a Social Construct, Not an Expression Individually2604 Words   |  11 Pagesvarious impacts from our social construct and that it is not just a matter of personal choice. While discussing the evolving taste of an individual, we are going to interpret the seminal works of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and relate to the social construction of taste. Alternative explanations to Bourdieu, like the post-modernist view will also be explained and the various impacts of the contemporary influences from our society like standardization, fashion, media, culinary tourism which

Project Management Project Sanbano Coolangatta Located...

Project Introduction Project Details 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Figure. 1 Sanbano project image1 Sanbano Coolangatta located at 60 Marine Parade Coolangatta is residence. This project covers an area of 1006 square meters at the zone of Coolangatta LAP – Centre Core which height is 25 storeys. The density is RD8, as 13 square meters per bedroom. The site covers 40% equals 402 square meters. It consists 7 types of unit (A, A1, B, B1, C, D, E). The project has two level car park underground. The first story including a retail restaurant, a lobby, lift core and service BOH. The second floor has some leisure area, such as gym, private kitchen and lounge, swimming pool, sauna, putting green and caretaker unit. Level three to seven are Residents, also have core, corridor and ledge. Level eight to the top floor are Residents. Construction started from date 1st March 2013 and completed at September 2014. The client is Marine Parade Holdings. The estimate cost is $3,300,000. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 AREA ANALYSIS The Gross Floor Area (GFA) of the project totals 12,067m2 Basement Car Parks 1760m2 Level 1 Lobby/Retail/Car park 684m2 Mezzanine Level Plant/Corridors 148m2 Level 2 Gym, Lounge, Kitchen Terraces, pool and Caretaker Unit 659m2 Apartments Level 2 to 26 8673m2 Level 26 Plant 144m2 TOTAL GFA 12068m2 (Edward Coleman pty. ltd., 2013) Location Figure 2. Sanbano location Project Sanbano Coolangatta

The Soviet Union and the United States Free Essays

After WWII The Soviet Union and the United States had many different political ideologies particularly communism and capitalism. Capitalism is a belief that private property should be replaced by community ownership. Communism is opposed private ownership economies of the United States and its allies. We will write a custom essay sample on The Soviet Union and the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now Based on Document A, a document was first telegraphed to American officials in Washington on February 22, 1946 and it happened after WWII. In Document A the United States made the idea of containment. Containment is the idea of the Soviet Union and Soviet communism should not be allowed to spread. One idea of containment was the Berlin Airlift and the Berlin Blockade. The Berlin airlift went from June 27th 1948 to May 12th, 1949(Document B). Between these two dates Stalin and The Soviet Union decided to stop any shipments including food coming into West Berlin. What happened to West Berlin was that they were completely surrounded by communism and may have to surrender if it not been for the US and it allies. Then a year after on May 12th,1949 Stalin stopped the blockade ( Document B). This is a good demonstration of containment because it shows that Stalin failed with the blockade because he caused the West Berliners to quit and give up all they and had and turn to Communism. Another idea of containment was the United States answers to the Korean War. The war started on June 25th 1950 and ended on July 27th 1953( Doc C). What happened was the on June 25th, 1950 North Korea first invades South Korea ( Document C). North Korea was supported by Harry Truman and the Soviets and attacked South Korea which was supported by General Douglas MacArthur and help of the United Nations The war had caused 50,000 American death and 2 million of others. China decided to help North Korea because they lacked the logistical support to supply any further pressure to the south ( Document C). The Korean War shows Containment by keeping North Korea contained and communism did not work to spread. The last demonstration of containment was the Cuban Missile Crisis. On January 1959 the country Cuba becomes communist under a guy named Fidel Castro. Three years after that on May 1962 the soviets secretly begin the shipping of 40,000 troops, 60 missiles and 158 nuclear warheads to Cuba. ( Document D). In response to this the Unites States announced a separation against ships carrying offensive weapons to Cuba. Then in April 1963 in a quiet agreement with the soviets United States removes the missiles from Turkey. This shows containment by the Cubans failing to use the soviets missiles against the US. How to cite The Soviet Union and the United States, Papers

21st Century Agriculture Essay Example For Students

21st Century Agriculture Essay Todays agricultural community is embracing many new technologies. Innovative researchers have developed new ways to increase yields ranging from the global positioning of satellites to strip till. Strip till is a process of tilling small strips of soil while leaving the strip in between each row untilled to remain rich in organic matter. The benefits of strip till versus conventional till make it a practical way of increasing farm efficiency. Strip till first began in as a way for large farms to cover more acreage more efficiently in order to save time fuel and labor. The process begins a full growing season in advance with another crop. Once this crop is harvested, the stalks and other debris are mowed to the ground leaving the ground covered in organic matter; this crop is termed the cover crop. Once all equipment preparations are made the next growing season is started. A pass is made through the field with a minimum tillage implement. This implement plows up twelve-inch wide strips and then conditions them. Then the crop is planted and herbicide is applied. Throughout the growing season the crop is sprayed using a specialized hood sprayer, which protects the crop from the herbicide, to control weeds. This is a vast difference in conventional methods, which utilizes several passes to plow and condition the soil while also using herbicides. Environmentalists would have one believe that herbicide applications are detrimental to our ecosystems. However, with proper handling, our ecosystems are better protected from hazardous runoff when strip till practices are utilized. Conventional methods spray herbicide directly onto the ground where they can be washed away by rain or irrigation. Strip till methods spray herbicides onto the organic matter left behind from the cover crop where it can be absorbed into the plant. The method of spraying directly onto the desired area is called banding. The environmental concerns make strip till a more sound way of controlling unwanted organisms. Erosion and soil compaction are other environmental concerns which strip till alleviates. Wind erosion is made less possible because the ground is left with debris and root masses which holds water and do not allow the water to wash away soil particles. Soil compaction is also less of a problem because less passes with large tractors are needed to produce a crop. The greatest benefit to the farmer is cost reduction. Less fuel and less labor being required per acre generate more profit. In an era when commodity prices are at an all time low, generating a profit is of utmost importance. Through less equipment cost and maintenance, strip till allows farmers to produce a crop with less capital investments. The popularity of strip till practices grow each year as farmers find ways of incorporating it into their specific operations needs. Conventional till has been used for many centuries but this practice only stirs up a dust in that weed seed are plowed a way into a dormant stage only to be plowed up to germinate. Utilization of new agricultural technologies, such as strip till, allows producers to go into the 21st century with tools that will enable them to provide agricultural products to sustain the world. Bibliography: Jones Woody Ms. Wright Engl. 1101 Y 7 November 1999 .